5 Most Common Cat Medical Conditions and How to Recognize Them

Cats, like any other pet, can experience various health issues that can affect their overall well-being. While some of these conditions may be minor, if treated promptly, such as worms, others can require immediate attention from a vet.

Understanding the most common medical conditions in cats can help you spot signs early, ensuring your furry friend receives the best care possible.

Here are five common cat medical conditions you should be aware of:

1. Arthritis

Arthritis is a common issue in older cats, causing inflammation and pain in the joints. As they age, their cartilage can deteriorate, leading to stiffness, pain, and reduced mobility. Cats with arthritis might become less active, reluctant to jump or climb, or may exhibit changes in their grooming habits. If you notice your cat moving stiffly or avoiding certain activities, it’s a good idea to consult a vet. While arthritis can't be cured, treatments such as pain management, joint supplements, and anti-inflammatory medication can help alleviate symptoms and improve your cat’s quality of life.

2. Hypothyroidism

Hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone, leading to a slowing down of bodily functions. Although it’s more common in dogs, hypothyroidism can also affect cats, particularly older ones. Symptoms may include weight gain despite a normal or reduced appetite, lethargy, and poor coat condition (e.g., hair loss or dull fur). If you suspect your cat has hypothyroidism, a blood test will be required to confirm the diagnosis. Treatment typically involves daily medication to replace the missing thyroid hormone, which can help return your cat to normal functioning.

3. Cystitis

Cystitis, or inflammation of the bladder, is a painful condition that affects many cats, especially those that are overweight or stressed. It can be caused by urinary tract infections (UTIs), bladder stones, or idiopathic factors. Symptoms of cystitis include frequent urination, straining to urinate, urinating outside the litter box, or bloody urine. This condition can be very uncomfortable for your cat, and if left untreated, it may lead to more severe complications. A veterinarian will perform tests to determine the cause and provide appropriate treatment, which may include antibiotics, dietary changes, or stress management.

4. Lethargy

Lethargy is a common symptom of many underlying conditions, ranging from infections to chronic diseases. If your cat is sleeping more than usual, is less active, or seems to lack interest in their favourite activities, it could indicate a medical problem. Lethargy is often associated with other symptoms, such as loss of appetite, weight loss, vomiting, or diarrhoea. It’s important to observe your cat’s behaviour closely and consult a vet to rule out potential causes such as infections, organ failure, or even cancer.

5. Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are another common issue in cats, particularly in females. Symptoms include frequent urination, accidents outside the litter box, straining to urinate, or blood in the urine. UTIs can be very uncomfortable and, if left untreated, can lead to more severe conditions like kidney infections or bladder stones. Your veterinarian will typically recommend a urine test to confirm the presence of a UTI and may prescribe antibiotics to treat the infection. In some cases, dietary changes or increased water intake may help prevent future UTIs.

Final Thoughts

While these five conditions are common, early detection is key to ensuring your cat’s health and comfort. You should learn how to examine your cat as a starter but also make regular vet check-ups, being mindful of your cat’s behaviour, and seeking professional help when you notice anything unusual are the best ways to keep your feline friend in top condition. Always consult your vet if you suspect any health issues, and remember that a little care and attention can go a long way in maintaining your cat's health and happiness.